Idiopathic Orbital Myositis in a 9-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report

Non-specific orbital inflamation (NSOI) syndrome is a non-granulomatous, non-infectious and non-neoplastic orbital disease with unknown etiology. Despite being rare in children, NSOI accounts for up to 6 17% of all pediatric orbital inflammatory diseases and several conditions such as cellulitis, rhabdomyosarcoma and leukemia are considered in the differential diagnosis (1). The most frequent subtype of NSOI is orbital myositis (29%), followed by dacryoadenitis with myositis (8%), orbital apex inflammation (9%) and others (22%) (2). It clinically presents as a mass in the eyelids, restricted ocular motility, eyelid edema and increased orbital pressure. While in adults it manifests itself more often as proptosis, it more frequently presents in children as ptosis (3). Its exact cause is unknown, however, immunologic mechanisms have been addressed (4). While a definitive diagnosis of the disease is established by means of the orbital tissue biopsies, in most cases the disease can be diagnosed by clinical and radiological examinations (5). We present a case with unusual presentation of IOIP admitted to our clinic with sudden onset of diplopia and reduction of outward gaze in the left eye. A 9-year-old girl presented to the pediatric clinic with a nonspecific headache, eye pain and restriction of left outward gaze and diplopia. Despite systemic antibiotic therapy following a preliminary diagnosis of afebrile cellulitis, the progression of complaints were noted and our clinic was consulted. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes, biomicroscopic and fundus examination was normal. The exophthalmometry readings of the right and left eye were 15 mm and 18 mm, respectively. Left ocular eye movement was limited in outward gaze (Figure 1). Worth 4 dot test result was determined to be diplopia in far and near evaluation. Laboratory studies were normal. On the orbital MRI, taken SE T1-weighted images following gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) on the axial and coronal plane, left medial rectus muscle was normal but increased signal intensity on T2W sequences was noted, and the presence of marked enhancement of contrast material following intravenous administration of contrast material (IVCM) (Figure 2). The imaging of the medial rectus muscle is typical of myositis and this typical image is used for differentiating NSOI from thyroid ophthalmopathy. The systemic steroid treatment (oral prednisone 1 mg/kg tapered slowly for one month) was initiated with a preliminary diagnosis of NSOI. Diplopia and ocular motility restriction were not present a week after control examination. MRI showed regression of the isolated myositis in the medial rectus. The definitive diagnosis of orbital subacute myosistis was established.